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	<description>For English-Speaking Visitors to Odessa, Ukraine</description>
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		<title>THE HISTORICAL PECULARITIES OF UKRAINIAN CUISINE</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/the-historical-pecularities-of-ukrainian-cuisine/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/the-historical-pecularities-of-ukrainian-cuisine/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:28:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=302</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ukrainian cuisine is one of the richest and interesting cuisines of the world. Due to a variety of excellent dishes and their high flavouring qualities it was spread far outside of Ukraine. Some dishes, for example borsch and varenyky, were included into the menu of international cuisine long ago. In days of the Kievan Rus&#8217; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ukrainian cuisine is one of the richest and interesting cuisines of the world. Due to a variety of excellent dishes and their high flavouring qualities it was spread far outside of Ukraine. Some dishes, for example borsch and varenyky, were included into the menu of international cuisine long ago. </p>
<p>In days of the Kievan Rus&#8217; along with Christianity Slavs got many dishes of the richest Byzantine cuisine, including borsch national dish of Ancient Rome).</p>
<p>Ukrainian ethnic cuisine in has developed basicly in the beginning of XIX century, and its formation was completely finished in first part of XX century. Until that times it was quite close to Polish and Belarus cuisines. </p>
<p>Traditions of Old Russian cuisine were not included into a national Ukrainian cuisine, and the reason for this was Tatar and Mongol raid. Ukrainian cuisine has adopted some processing methods at German and Hungarian cuisines, Tatar and Turkish as well, but a bit changed it. In Ukrainian national cuisine such products as pork, salo, beet, wheat flour are mainly used. Plentiful use of eggs, and variety of flour products is peculiar to this cuisine.</p>
<p>Here are the most popular dishes of Ukrainian cuisine. </p>
<p>Soups</p>
<p>Borsch is a vegetable soup made out of beets, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, onions, garlic, dill, sometimes green pepper, served with sour cream. There are about 30 varieties of Ukrainian Borsch soup, and the dish often includes meat.</p>
<p>Kapusniak soup made with pork, salo (pork bacon),sauerkraut and served with sour cream.</p>
<p>Rosolnyk: soup with pickles.</p>
<p>Yushka: fish soup, made of fresh-water fish, usually carp. Similar to the Russian cuisine, Ukha, which is also a fish-soup.</p>
<p>Zelenyj Borscht (&#8220;Kvaskova Zupa&#8221; or &#8220;Shchaveleva Zupa&#8221;): water or broth based soup with sorrel and various vegetables, served with chopped hard boiled egg and sour cream.</p>
<p>Salads</p>
<p>Olivye (Salade Olivier): salad made out of cooked and chopped potatoes, dill pickles, broiled chopped eggs, cooked and chopped ham, chopped onions, canned peas, mixed with mayonnaise.</p>
<p>Vinigret (from French Vinaigrette): salad with cooked and shredded beets, sauerkraut, cooked and chopped potatoes, onions and carrots,sometimes pickles mixed with some sunflower oil and salt.</p>
<p>Pickles: Pickled cucumbers (kvasheni ohirky) or tomatoes (kvasheni pomidory) are usually made with garlic and dill. Also, sauerkraut(kvashena kapusta).</p>
<p>Main course</p>
<p>Perohy (Perogy): Dumplings stuffed with fillings such as potato and cheese, often served boiled.</p>
<p>Varenyky: small pastries made with fillings such as mashed potatoes and fried onions, ground meat and fried onions, liver and fried onions, fried cabbage with fried onions, cherries, strawberries. Served with sour cream and butter or sugar when filled with fruits.</p>
<p>Pyrizhky: Small potato filled buns baked in thickened rich cream and dill.</p>
<p>Cabbage rolls (holubtsi/holubchi): cabbage leaves (sour) rolled with meat (minced beef or bacon) and rice filling, optionally stewed in tomato sauce or roasted with bacon strips on top, served with sour cream.</p>
<p>Syrnyky: cottage cheese fritters, sometimes with raisins, served with sour cream and jam.</p>
<p>Mlyntsi: crepes (blyntsi or nalisnyky), filled usually with cottage cheese, meat, cabbage, fruits, served with sour cream.</p>
<p>Stuffed duck or goose with apples.</p>
<p>Roast meat (pechenya): pork, veal, beef or lamb roast.</p>
<p>Fish (ryba): fried in egg and flour; cooked in oven with mushrooms, cheese and lemon; marinaded, dried or smoked variety.</p>
<p>Studenetz: jellied fish (zalyvne) or meat (kholodets).</p>
<p>Kasha hrechana zi shkvarkamy: buckwheat cereal with chopped, fried bacon and/or onion.</p>
<p>Potato (kartoplia, also barabolia or bulba): young or peeled, served with butter, sour cream, dill; a more exclusive variety includes raw egg.</p>
<p>Guliash: refers to stew in general, or specifically Hungarian goulash.</p>
<p>Sausage (kovbasa or sosysky): various kinds of smoked or boiled pork, beef or chicken sausage.</p>
<p>Salo: salted (or occasionally raw) unrendered pork fat lard.</p>
<p>Kotlety (cutlets): (plural; singular: kotleta) minced meat or fish mixed with eggs, onions, garlic, breadcrumbs and milk, fried in oil and sometimes rolled in breadcrumbs.</p>
<p>Deruny: potato pancakes, usually served with rich servings of sour cream.</p>
<p>Kruchenyky or Zavyvantsi: pork or beef rolls with various stuffing: mushrooms, onions, eggs, cheese, sauerkraut, carrots, etc.</p>
<p>Desserts<br />
Kutia: traditional Christmas dish, made of poppy seeds, wheat, nuts, honey, and delicacies.<br />
Halushki: sweet dough similar to doughnut holes. Frequently tossed with sugar. Halushky (pl., singular is halushka) can also be filled with poppy seed or other sweet fillings.<br />
Syrnyky: fried curd fritters.<br />
Torte: many varieties of cakes, from moist to puffy, most typical ones being Kyjivskyj, Prazhskyj, and Trufelnyj. They are frequently made without flour, instead using ground walnuts or almonds.<br />
Zhele: (plural and singular) jellied fruits, like cherries, pears, etc. or Ptashyne moloko (literally ‘birds&#8217; milk’)—milk/chocolate jelly.</p>
<p>Alcoholic drinks<br />
Vodka (gorilka) is the most popular drink in Ukraine. It has appeared for the first time in Ukraine in XIV century. On its basis numerous liquors are made. By handicraft way in Ukraine samohon are made on the basis of sugar and various sugary products &#8211; fruit, vegetables and berries.<br />
Strong spirits (horilka, vodka in Russian): Samohon (moonshine) is also popular, including with infusions of fruit, spices or hot peppers.<br />
Beer (pyvo):the largest producers of beer are Obolon, Lvivske, Chernihivske, Slavutych, Sarmatand Rogan,which partly export their products.<br />
Wine are imported from Europe and Ukraine (but particularly made in Crimea).<br />
Mead (medovukha): a fermented alcoholic beverage made from honey, water, and yeast. Its flavour depends on the plants frequented by the honeybees, the length of time and method of aging, and the specific strain of yeast used. Its alcohol content will vary from maker to maker depending on the method of production.</p>
<p>Non-alcoholic drinks<br />
Kompot: a sweet beverage made of dried or fresh fruits and/or berries boiled in water.<br />
Uzvar: a traditional compote made of dried fruit, mainly apples, pears and prunes.<br />
Kvas: a sweet-and-sour sparkling beverage brewed from yeast, sugar and dried rye bread.<br />
Kefir: milk fermented by both yeast and lactobacillus bacteria and having a similar taste to yoghurt. Homemade kefir may contain a slight amount of alcohol.<br />
Mineral water: well-known brands are Truskavetska, Morshynska and Myrhorodska. They usually come strongly carbonated.<br />
Ryazhanka : another kind of natural yogurt made of baked milk.</p>
<p>Dishes of the original national Ukrainian cuisine have rich historical past and traditions, enrich any daily and celebratory table, and always please your relatives and visitors.</p>
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		<title>UFO in Crimea over Ayu-Dag</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/ufo-in-crimea-over-ayu-dag/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/ufo-in-crimea-over-ayu-dag/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:26:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=300</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mountains are not just their external beauty but also sanctity of their land and energy active deep breaks. Sacred Ayu-Dag mountain near Artek (Young Pioneer camp) and Partenit village people call it the Bear Mountain (Medved&#8217;-gora) , its outlines remind a laying bear and its height is 565 metres. But Ayu-Dag is translated from Greek [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mountains are not just their external beauty but also sanctity of their land and energy active deep breaks. Sacred Ayu-Dag mountain near Artek (Young Pioneer camp) and Partenit village people call it the Bear Mountain (Medved&#8217;-gora) , its outlines remind a laying bear and its height is 565 metres. But Ayu-Dag is translated from Greek as &#8220;Sacred mountain&#8221;. Here in the first years of Christianity Saint Andrew,Christian Apostle,founded Sacred monastery. In the Middle Ages there were twenty Christian monasteries on this mountain! Monasteries were destroyed by earthquake ­and governors of Ottoman Empire later­; ruins of this sacred place still attracts tourists attention.</p>
<p>UFO often apper over this mountain. For ten years we took several photos of visible oblects in reality, but more often UFO are not visible in reality, but camera can fix it. This mountain often forms over itself strange clouds reminding UFO. Andrey Yarkov, who lives in Partenit has a collectiokn of photos of a strange form clouds over Ayu-Dag mountain.</p>
<p>In 2002 the magazine &#8220;Around the world&#8221; published unique photo of Vasily Rumyantsev, a scientist of Crimean observatory, two tens of UFO, which formed a huge infinity sign in the evening on July, 10th, 1999. This picture in the sky near Bakhchisaray had been repeating each ten days at 20.45.</p>
<p>Candidate of Biological Science Sergey Sharygin had been studing facts of UFO appearance on Southern coast of Crimea for twenty years. He came to conclusion that their appearance is somehow connected with condition of Earth&#8217;s magnetic field. On numerous occasions he had to fix flashes up to 10 nanobody by magnetometers during UFO flights in Crimea, even when they visually were not observed.</p>
<p>On 16th November, 1993 in &#8220;Extra-UFO&#8221; TV programme a video recording of UFO appearance over Sevastopol was shown on 5th August, 1993. At that time for 60 kilometres from that area in Yalta ­the devices of Sharygin and other­ scientists showed flashes up to 10-15 nonabody of Earth&#8217;s magnetic field intensity. Some hours later of the same UFO has appeared over the sea near Yalta, and it was recorded as bigger peaks on magnetogram up to 50 nanobody. Observations of American scientists in Crimea showed the same figures.</p>
<p>On 12th October, 2001 we were coming back home late at night by bus from Sevastopol to Yalta. The passengers were sleeping in dark salon when suddenly eight wide lights like projectors cut through the sky, they were rotating and pulsing, and in the middle of these lights several luminescent spheres were rotating. This miracle lasted some minutes then the bus turned and the mountain covered everything. We had a delightful feeling, the feeling of pleasure, of something transcendental, somthing amazing when we were contemplating this fairy show. </p>
<p>Similar fairy show was observed by holiday-makers of &#8220;Spring&#8221; sanatorium near Yalta in June, 2000. Over the gorge formed by Kush-Kaya and Karadag mountains, 15 luminescent spheres were hanging in the sky and slowly rotating circle-wise for about an hour.</p>
<p>Some people connect such phenomenon with religious miracles. The Nativity of the Theotokos</p>
<p>Proving this fact, on 21st September, 2004 &#8211; in day of The Nativity of the Theotokos at 9 o&#8217;clock near Ayu-Dag mountain in Partenit the clouds were lined in a strange way, in the form of seven huge lights, which occupied half of the sky. We managed to take some photos of this phenomenon. In 30 minutes these lights disappeared. Seven lights symbolized the Theotokos of Seven Arrows.</p>
<p>We aren&#8217;t able to explain such phenomena yet, but miricale is always nearby, we just don&#8217;t notice it, we don&#8217;t set no store by. The only thing that science can explain now is that UFO and heavenlike phenomena usually appear over energy active places where deep faults or knots are fixed, places of their crossing and joining are fixed as well by dowsing method, geophysical equipment. </p>
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		<title>Sorochynsky Fair</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/sorochynsky-fair/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/sorochynsky-fair/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:56:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=296</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The history of Ukrainian fairs dates back to the depth of centuries. These territories of Ukraine since ancient times were famous for heavy crops of agriproducts, abundance of fish as well as livestock and other national crafts. There also was the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, and special Ukrainian colour turned everything [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The history of Ukrainian fairs dates back to the depth of centuries. These territories of Ukraine since ancient times were famous for heavy crops of agriproducts, abundance of fish as well as livestock and other national crafts. There also was the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, and special Ukrainian colour turned everything into feast day.</p>
<p>There were always a lot of people at fairs and the goods of all tastes were on sale. Each fair was accompanied by folk festival, songs, entertainments.</p>
<p>Fair movement in Ukraine has centuries-long history. In forties of XIX century more than 12 thousand fairs, including 178 big and average were carried out in Ukraine.</p>
<p>Nowadays Sorochynsky Fair is a large fair held each summer, usually in August in the village of Velyki Sorochyntsi near Poltavain the Myrhorodskyi Raion  of Ukraine. It was not the biggest one and not the most well-known, but it became famous due to the story &#8220;Sorochynsky Fair &#8221; of Mykola Vasilievich Gogol. Exactly here, in a house of well known at that time in Myrgorod region doctor M. Trohymovsky, future writer was born. Exhibits of literary-memorial museum of Mykola Gogol, founded in 1929, and monument to the writer in front of its foreside remind us about that event.</p>
<p>In his first work from a cycle of stories “Evenings at Hamlet next to Dikanka” (1831-1832), which brought M. Gogol great popularity, writer widely showed his true love to Ukraine and deep knowledge of treasure of Ukrainian folk art and peculiarity of native people’s everyday life. In his story “Fair at Sorochintsy”, which is the part of “Evenings at Hamlet next to Dikanka”, Mykola Gogol reflected the poetry of national life, naturally described different representatives of people, and artistically combined all that with big humor.</p>
<p>The following is the abstract from N.V. Gogol novel where he describes how the people reach the fair: “One August torrid day shined with the richness in 18&#8230;, 18&#8230; Oh, it was about thirty years ago, when the road was in full swing by a large number of people been in a hurry to the fair from all nearest and remote khutors. In the morning, there was interminable flow of chumaks (tradesmen) with salt and fishes. The stacks of pots wrapped into hay moved very slowly and had a tedious time because of confinement and darkness. Sometimes alone bright painted tureen or pan expressed various thoughts boastfully looking out of wicker fence loaded on the cart and attracted the affectionate glances of luxury lovers. Many travelers watched with envy to the tall potter the owner of these precious things. He walked slowly near his goods wrapping with a great care his clay “dandies and coquettes” into hay hateful for them.”</p>
<p>Today &#8220;Sorochynsky Fair&#8221; doesn&#8217;t differ from Gogol times just instead carts and wagons people come here by cars and buses. Annually representatives of different organisations and manufacturing enterprises as well as traders not only from Poltava, but also from other regions of Ukraine and abroad come to the fair.</p>
<p>It was held five times a year during the Russian Empire, then went into a 40-year moratorium during Soviet rule. It is now held annually since its revival after Ukraine gained its independence.</p>
<p>Following a Presidential Decree of August 18, 1999, the fair holds the status of Ukraine&#8217;s national trade fair.</p>
<p>The fair is a large showcase for traditional handicrafts made by skilled craftsmen, including Reshetilivka embroidery, rugs, Opishnya ceramics, as well theatrical performers who re-enact scenes of village life from famous Ukrainian stories. </p>
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		<item>
		<title>THE RED CAVES</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/the-red-caves/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/02/the-red-caves/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 11:37:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=293</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On territory of our country there are more than 5 thousand well-known caves and 800 of them are in Crimea. Among the caves formed of limestones, the first place according to its extent takes the Kizil-Koba or the Red caves. Red caves or Kizil-Koba is the system consisting of several caves located in Crimean mountains [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On territory of our country there are more than 5 thousand well-known caves and 800 of them are in Crimea.</p>
<p>Among the caves formed of limestones, the first place according to its extent takes the Kizil-Koba or the Red caves.</p>
<p>Red caves or Kizil-Koba is the system consisting of several caves located in Crimean mountains on spurs Dolgorukovsky Yayla in 3 km from Perevalne villages (Angara) of Simferopol area.</p>
<p>Behind the river within centuries the underground river was taking out from depths of Dolgorukovsky Yayla melted bicarbonate of calcium, laying it aside near the entrance in the form of light tufa, forming thereby tufa platform, that is a majestic monument of the underground river.</p>
<p>Big arch of the ground floor of Red caves is the closest one to the platform with waterfall. Haranlyh-Koba or the Dark cave is 17 m over the Tuff platform. Higher along the slope (50 m over the platform) a small triangular entrance Iel-Kobf (Windy cave) is located. A bit higer, 70 m over the platform and a little aside there is a hole of the hardly noticeable cave bearing unusual name, Camomile. Now all three caves are called all as the one general name the Kizil-Koba, or the Red cave.They are also known in plural form the Red caves.</p>
<p>Total lenght of its investigated part makes 21150 metres, square-64000 m ²,size &#8211; 270000 m ³. Extent of separate halls makes 70 &#8211; 80 metres, their height is up to 145 metres (Hall of Blue thaw). An average temperature of the air of ground floors is 8,1 &#8211; 9,0°С.</p>
<p>Together they form a complex of underground labyrinth consisting of six floors, therefore visiting Red caves is possible only in accompany by guides.</p>
<p>On a cave bottom there&#8217;s an underground river &#8211; Su-Uchhan divided by six karst siphons. There are a lot of lakes, waterfalls and siphons inside the cave. Kizil-Koba is also known as an archeology monument.</p>
<p>At about 2,5 thousand years ago there were people living in natural boundary. They are refered by scientists to so-called kizilkobinsky culture (probable Cimmerians&#8217; descendants). Some traces of VII century BC were found here. Near the entrance an ancient sanctuary is staged. Cave walls are formed by the limestones having a pink shade because of iron oxides. Once cave bears, lions, hyenas, woolly rhinoceroses, bisons, mammoths (scientists found their bones) were here. Unfortunately, stalagmite near the entrance is artificial because before the cave was closed and became to be protected, each visitor could break off small piece of it and keep as a souvenir. And as growth of stalactites (&#8220;stalaktos&#8221; &#8211; flowing down drop by drop) and stalagmites makes in total only 0.03 mm per year, but new haven&#8217;t grown yet. In 1957 the enterance to the main cave was washed away. Therefore nature creatures have suffered less than others and further it is possible to come across stalagmites and stalactites which accepted a freakish forms. Since 1989 the equipped excursion route of 500 m works in a cave, but it&#8217;s available only in shoulder season. The minimum quantity of visitors should be not less than 6-10. The excursion route goes throughthe first and the second floor of cave and comes to an end near the first siphon. Excursion duration is 1 hour.</p>
<p>Excursion with a diving suit and an aqualung is availible but only for adults. It needs not less than 3 person to be carried out. This route is a unique for Crimea and unique on territory of Ukraine. Route length is 3 km. It takes from 2,5 to 4 hours depending on group preparation. Compulsory conditions: to be able to swim and dive as the whole route is on water. Each participant is provided with a tight diving suit, warm clothes, footwear, a helmet and a flashlight. It is necessary to have one more set of clothes with you which you will dress after excursion and socks as well. During the excursion you will sail through the underground lakes, go through huge halls, you will creep and dive under water at some places. The beauty of a cave, physical activities, a slight feeling of danger will bring you bright and unforgettable emotions. Excursions are carried out during all the year round, both in summer and winter period, except those cases when the cave is flooded by water in spring and autumn. Usually it isn&#8217;t long period of time. After excursion around the cave you can admire Su-Uchhan waterfallfalls. The employees work all-the-year-round, except 13th November, Cave Day.</p>
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		<title>Panticapaeum-Kerch</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/panticapaeum-kerch/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/panticapaeum-kerch/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:12:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=291</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea, known in Classical Antiquity as Panticapaeum, and in Old Russian writings called Korchev. Panticapaeum (Greek:Παντικάπαιον,Pantikápaion) is translated as fishing way from Iranian language Panti-Kapa. It was an important city and port in Taurica (Tauric Chersonese), situated on a hill (Mt. Mithridates) on the western side [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea, known in Classical Antiquity as Panticapaeum, and in Old Russian writings called Korchev. Panticapaeum (Greek:Παντικάπαιον,Pantikápaion) is translated as fishing way from Iranian language Panti-Kapa. It was an important city and port in Taurica (Tauric Chersonese), situated on a hill (Mt. Mithridates) on the western side of the Cimmerian Bosporus, founded by Milesians in the late 7th–early 6th century BC. In days of its prosperity this city occupied about 100 hectares. The Acropolis settled down on a mountain which is called today Mithridates. The main patron deity of Panticapaeum from the days of its foundation was Apollo, and the main temple of Acropolis was devoted to him. The construction of the most ancient and enormous building of Apollo temple was finished by the end of VI BC. Besides, later near Spartocids Palace there was a temple in honour of Aphrodite and Dionysus.</p>
<p>The Cimmerians and Scythians,the most ancient inhabitants of Eastern Crimea, have left their traces on Kerch peninsula. Geographical position of Kerch having had crossing trade routes and natural resources of adjoining territories promoted the formation of the city two and a half thousand years ago.</p>
<p>In the 5th–4th centuries BC, the city became the residence first of the Archaeanactids and then of the Spartocids, dynasties of Thracian kings of Bosporus, and was hence itself sometimes called Bosporus. Its economic decline in the 4th–3rd centuries BC was the result of the Sarmatian conquest of the steppes and the growing competition of Egyptian grain. The last of the Spartocids, Paerisades V, apparently left his realm to Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus.</p>
<p>This transition was arranged by one of Mithridates&#8217;s generals, a certain Diophantus, who earlier was sent to Taurica to help local Greek cities against Palacus of Lesser Scythia. The takeover didn&#8217;t go smoothly: Paerisades was murdered by Scythians led by Saumacus, Diophantus escaped to return later with reinforcements and to suppress the revolt.</p>
<p>Half of a century later, Mithridates himself took his life in Panticapaeum, when, after his defeat in awar against Rome, his own son and heir Pharnaces and citizens of Panticapaeum turned against him. In 63 BC the city was partly destroyed by an earthquake. Raids by the Goths and the Huns furthered its decline, and it was incorporated into the Byzantine state under Justin I in the early 6th century AD. The city was lost to the Khazars in the 7th century, but was regained by the Byzantines during the 8th century. Panticapaeum became independent from the empire in the 10th century, forming the Khanate of Korchev, but was retaken by the Byzantines again in the 11th century. After the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople in 1204, Panticapaeum passed to the Byzantine Empire&#8217;s successor state the Empire of Trebizond. By now referred to as Cherson, the city was retained by Trebizond until the 14th century.</p>
<p>Nowadays you can only visit some parts of Panticapaeum excavation, the rest are maked by security signs. Ruins of a small port Acre where Achilles was born according to the legend are found in waters of Kerch strait.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a majestic stairs leading to the Mithridates mountain from the centre of Kerch city. It was built in the middle of XIX century by a local merchant-patron and recently it was updated and decorated with a new stone griffins. At the bottom of the stairs in a special premise the model of crypt of Ancient Greek goddess Demetry with unique frescos is created.</p>
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		<title>Chersonesus</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/chersonesus/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/chersonesus/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=289</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Sevastopol, on rocky cape between Quarantine and Sand bays, there is a National reserve “Chersonesus Taurian”, created for protection, studying, restoration and exhibiting of ruins of one of the most ancient cities of our country &#8211; Chersonesus. A history and archaeological reserve Chersonesus is known not only in our country, but also far beyond [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In  Sevastopol, on rocky cape between Quarantine and Sand bays, there is a National reserve “Chersonesus Taurian”, created for protection, studying, restoration and exhibiting of ruins of one of the most ancient cities of our country &#8211; Chersonesus.<br />
A history and archaeological reserve Chersonesus is known not only in our country, but also far beyond its borders. In 1996 it is recorded by UNESCO as the most popular of world culture among one hundred monuments. Excavation has opened to the world a city which throughout many centuries was the large political, economic and cultural centre of Northern Black Sea region.<br />
Chersonesus was the Greek colony founded in 422-421 BC by natives of Heraclea Pontica. It is located in the south-west part of Crimea, near the bay which is called now as Quarantine.  &#8220;Chersonesus &#8221; is translated from Greek as peninsula. Farmers and handicraftsmen, doctors and sculptors, architects and artists, historians and poets lived here. It was the slaveholding republic with the democratic democratic form of government; the highest agency of State power was public gathering.<br />
During the whole years of  the state existence the cizents of Chersonesus  were ought to make wars. In II century BC there was a bloody, long war with Scythians. Chersonesus  asked for help Pontic tsar Mithradates VI Eupator  who has directed to Crimea a big troop headed by  Diophantus  commander. Scythians were defeated, however  Chersonesus didn&#8217;t manage to save the independence: it became a part of Mithradates state. Since then the city was in constant dependence on its stronger neighbours.<br />
In 1 century BC Chersonesus has lost the democratic form of government, and became dependence on Roman empire and had beeb as outpost of its  policy of grab in Northern Black Sea Coast.<br />
With the beginning of a new era the Christianity gets to Chersonesus, in IV century it becomes its official religion. Ancient art monuments, theatre, temples were ruthlessly destroyed, they are replaced with Christian churches and chapels.<br />
During this period a lot if cities were destroyed by Huns. Chersonesus protected by powerful defensive walls, still stays alive even millenium, but already in the conditions of a new, feudal system.<br />
In V century Chersonesus  was a part of the Byzantian empire, and in IX century became one of its military and administrative area. By that time the extrinsic ethos of medieval city was changed as well as its name: Byzantines named it Kherson, Slavs &#8211; Korsun.<br />
Rus&#8217; during that time became the power which is recognized not only by the nearest neighbours, but also such large state as Byzantium. When Byzantium didn&#8217;t fullfil  the obligations under the contract with Kievan prince Vladimir, he opposed against Korsun in 988  and conquered it after nine-month siege.<br />
Byzantium and Rus&#8217; concluded an equal alliance. And Chersonesus served as intermediary in their trade, this union was very profitable. From here agricultural and cattle breeding  products went to Minor Asia and Byzantium and from the southern countries to Chersonesus  and further, on the north, weapon, fabrics as well as oil were carried.<br />
In due course the power of Byzantium has weakened, and in XIII century trade appeared on the Black sea in hands of Italian (Venetian, and then Genoese) merchants who had founded their own trading stations in Crimea. Trade routes moved to East Crimea, and it became one of the reasons of decline of Chersonesus economy.<br />
The tragedy of a city was completed by attacks of nomads who in the end of XIII century, and then in hundred years have caused to it an irreparable loss. Destroyed and burnt Chersonesus  could not rise any more.<br />
To the middle of XV century its life has definitively faded away. The time has passed and big and amazing city disappeared.<br />
Only 400 years later, in 1827, the officer of the Black Sea fleet Kruse made the first excavation on  place of  lost Chersonesus. Afterwards they were carried ouy by individuals and some organisations. The most systematic excavation began in  late eighties of the last century. Twenty years of  life were given to them by the big enthusiast and the organizer of the future museum K.K.Kostsyushko-Valyuzhinich.<br />
For years of  Soviet power Chersonesus historical and archaeological reserve has turned into one of the largest scientific research center, became the base where scientists-archeologists of all world made a research work and students have internship. Systematic excavations helped to restore the history of ancient city.<br />
Conservation area is very popular, it is visited annually by million of  tourists. They are involved with collections epigraphic monuments, works of art, craft products,handicrafts and tools, which Chersonesus citizens used. Tourists can familiarise with territory of an ancient city: to walk along its main street, to wander on an ancient blocks and squares, to examine the ruins of  antique theatre, white marble columns of medieval temples, pieces of majestic defenses- walls and towers. The Zenon defensive towers is of great interest among the tourist, It took an important place city in system of defence and consequently was always under construction and improving by the citizens of Chersonesus. It is the highest tower of Chersonesus.<br />
How to get to the Chersonesus &#8211; trolley buses № 2, 6, 10 get off &#8220;Dmitry Ulyanov&#8217;s street&#8221; stop or route taxi №107,109 (from the station), further &#8211; on foot along Dmitry Ulyanov&#8217;s street. Time of walking from the bus stop to reserve, 10-15 minutes</p>
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		<title>THE HOUSE-MUSEUM OF SEVASTOPOL UNDERGROUND 1942-1944.</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/the-house-museum-of-sevastopol-underground-1942-1944/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/the-house-museum-of-sevastopol-underground-1942-1944/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:49:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=286</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On 4th October, 1967 in the house № 46 in Revyakina street (former Laboratory highway), during the period of fascist occupation 1942-1944 the head of Sevastopol underground V.D.Revtyakin lived. The first exposition of the headquarter and shadowy printing office (Communist shadowy organization in in the rear of Germans) were opened there. In April, 2001 during [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 4th October, 1967 in the house № 46 in Revyakina street (former Laboratory highway), during the period of fascist occupation 1942-1944 the head of Sevastopol underground V.D.Revtyakin lived. The first exposition of the headquarter and shadowy printing office (Communist shadowy organization in in the rear of Germans) were opened there. In April, 2001 during radical re-exposition, devoted to 60th anniversary in the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, two sections were formed: historical and memorial. 421 exhibits, including 130 photos, 103 documents, 156 life objects, weapon, personal things, medals and orders of undergrounders were also placed there.</p>
<p>The historical part consists of 11 exposition sections. They tell about a life of Sevastopol citizens in occupied city by fascists and so-called &#8220;new&#8221; order (orders, regulations of German occupational authorities, German propaganda posters, newspapers of that time and so forth), about the beginning of underground struggle in Sevastopol, about creation of the first patriotic group in seaport under the command of P.D.Silnikov (1909-1943) (photos, lists, diaries of group members, etc). Oaths of undergrounders, written on a book cover,life objects from secret apartments and so forth will tell you about warfare of underground patriotic group operating in prison campunder the command of N.I.Tereshchenko (1908-1944).</p>
<p>The central place is devoted to the Communist shadowy organization in in the rear of Germans, which in summer-autumn of 1943 under the guidance of V.D.Revyakin united all isolated patriotic groups in Sevastopol in the uniform organisation. The handwritten leaflets, printed on a typewriter or in shadowy printing office, newspaper pages &#8220;Za Rodiny&#8221; (&#8220;For Motherland&#8221;), regularly issued by undergrounders, stamps, seals for manufacturing of fake documents and many other things still draw attention of many people. </p>
<p>It is impossible to pass by indifferently agonal notes of the undergrounders given to their relatives from prison cells. Lydia Nefedova &#8211; Revyakina has written it, being on 9th month of pregnancy; Nelli Velieva her last words addresses to mother and her beloved (&#8220;… time will come, and you will remember me …&#8221;, &#8220;I will die,loving you, but never give nobody away…”). More than 60 participants of undergrounders have been arrested as a result of the largest and tragical failure in the organisation in March, 1944. For twenty days before release of Sevastopol by the Soviet armies after tortures within a month they have been shot.</p>
<p>The memorial part of an exposition is not less interesting also. This and reconstructed interiors of a verandah, a kitchen, a living room with numerous authentic objects of a pre-war life of Sevastopol citizens and families of undergrounders, as well as shadowy printing office, hiding places, warehouses with weapon. You may also hear J.Levitan voice from a pre-war wireless, a broadcaster of Sovet radio, reporting Sovinformbureau about blockade break near Leningrad, about Hitlerites defeat near Stalingrad and many other things.</p>
<p>After visiting the house-museum, visitors can feel different emotions, but not indifference. Thousand of records in visitors&#8217; books prove it. Here are some records of the last years: &#8220;pulse of all tragedy, the pain and the heroism, grateful memory and everything that is life of the city and its residents remain here. Let&#8217;s think how to keep pulsebeating”. Mother and the son (14 years) Ivankiny, Sevastopol, 12.01.2007. </p>
<p>&#8220;The most tremendous of all Sevastopol museums! Once again I have visited it and I feel a sense of sense gratitude to those people about whom museum tells&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>Tourist camp &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/tourist-camp-eski-kermen/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2012/01/tourist-camp-eski-kermen/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:47:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=284</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Crimea is not only the sea and burning sun, but also beautiful mountains. You can take a dip in the atmosphere of wild nature and feel yourself in Middle Ages period having visited tourist camp “Eski-Kermen”. Tourist camp &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221; is remarkable complex of a healthy rest including two fishing ponds with pavilions, as well as [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Crimea is not only the sea and burning sun, but also beautiful mountains. You can take a dip in the atmosphere of wild nature and feel yourself in Middle Ages period having visited tourist camp “Eski-Kermen”. </p>
<p>Tourist camp &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221; is remarkable complex of a healthy rest including two fishing ponds with pavilions, as well as exclusive dwelling cave with all conveniences, hotel with a full complex of conveniences, luxe and economy class, cafe, car park, pet&#8217;s corner and the most important thing is unforgettable picturesque place of the most tourists attraction, where people usually come to get away from stress and strain of civilisation and to live there for some time enjoying wild nature. Exclusive and pride of this camp site is dwelling medieval cave with conveniences of 21 century. Equipped, medieval cave includes: double beds, shower,toilet, table, satellite TV and fireplace. Roominess up to 4 persons. Cave cost &#8211; 600 UAH per day.</p>
<p>Certainly, there&#8217;s much more cheaper way to stay at &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221;. You can put up your tent on the territory of tourist camp and stay there for 10 UAH per person or rent a tent for 20 UAH per person.</p>
<p>Tourist camp &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221; is located in a beautiful and picturesque Bakhchisaray area in the middle ridge of the Crimean mountains, near Holmovka and Krasniy Mak village in 22 kilometres from the Black sea cost. It is also surrounded by extraordinary beauty and energy of the Crimean nature, crystal-clear lakes and juniperic groves which supplement amazing landscape of primitive mountain groups. This tourist camp exclusively located near monuments of architecture and history. Tourist camp is situated in &#8220;Dzhurla&#8221; hollow on the right side from legendary, entangled by legends Middle Ages city, &#8220;Eski-Kermen&#8221; (Old fortress) VI-XIII century AD. </p>
<p>In five kilometres southward from tourist camp the nature and history have placed an unforgettable and incomparable capital of an ancient principality of Theodoro &#8211; Mangup cave city (V-XV century), Cherkes-Kermen castle (X-XIV century). In 4 kilometres on the south there&#8217;s cave monastery &#8220;Chelter Marmara&#8221;, and in 4,5 kilometres on the south-east there’s one more medieval cave monastery named &#8220;Shuldan&#8221;, restored presently and already working throughout last 5 years. At present it bears the name &#8220;the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour&#8221;. In the neighboring hollow the medieval orthodox church of &#8220;Donators&#8221; with fresco paintings of 13th centuries A.D. is placed. </p>
<p>It is necessary to mention a few words about the most cavate city Eski-Kermen where the tourist camp located at the bottom of the mounain. Eski-Kermen is one of the most picturesque cave cities. It is situated in the south-west part of mountainy Crimea, in 6 km to the south from Krasniy Mak village, on a plateau of the table mountain extended along the axis north-south. The plateau length is 1040 m and the width is 170 m. Northern and eastern slopes have abrupt precipices up to 30 m vertically.</p>
<p>In the end of VI century there was the Byzantian frontier, moreover, Goto-Alanian garrison was based on its territory. The fortress has been perfectly strengthened. On a flat southern slope inside rock the road leading to the main city gates was cavated. The southern knot of defence at the main city gate was especially strengthened, in the opposite end of a plateau Northern patrol complex has been arranged and along the edge over precipices the casemate, premises for the guards, controlling approaches to the fortress are situated. </p>
<p>To the north-west from Eski-Kermen on a remote plateau of an opposite gorge&#8217;s slope the ruins of Middle Age Kyz-Kule fortresses (Maiden tower) remained, existed in XIV-XV centuries. On strengthening territory a picturesque ruins of tower with gate, small chapel with shrines cavated in rock as well as traces of constructions.</p>
<p>Nowadays Eski-Kermen is enrockment covered with earth, overgrown with bushes and grass. It is surrounded by freakish figures of eolation, therefore this place is called Sphinx or Chimeras Valley.</p>
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		<title>Genoese fortress in Sudak</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2011/07/genoese-fortress-in-sudak-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2011/07/genoese-fortress-in-sudak-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 2011 17:53:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feature]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=280</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sudak fortress is a unique monument, visiting card of a town, its ornament. Everyone who enters the towm can see high walls with teeth. In spring it has green colour and in summer as well as in autumn it’s yellow and torrid. Here all tells about protection against enemies: fortifications in height of 8 metres [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sudak fortress is a unique monument, visiting card of a town, its ornament. Everyone who enters the towm can see high walls with teeth. In  spring it has green colour and in summer as well as in autumn it’s yellow and torrid. Here all tells about protection against enemies: fortifications in height of 8 metres in two layers, fourteen towers, the main gate with barbakan and a graff. And the nature took care of inaccessibility of a fortress &#8211; from the East and the South there is a cliff, and there’s only low-grade from the North.<br />
Our fortress is called Genoese because inhabitants of Genoa (Italians) from 1371 to 1469 have constructed powerful fortification with two defensive layers. The bottom layer represents itself fortification and the top one consists of the Consular castle and towers connected by a wall. Each of 90 consuls ruled Soldaia,contributed to the fortress construction, everyone modernised and reorganised ancient fortification. But fortifications did not help to Genoeses. In 1475 Soldaia were captured by Turks.Last Genoa consul Cristoforo de Negro bravely fought and was killed in a battle.The fortress existed long before arrival of Genoeses. On that place there was a basement of earlier fortifications of Alans. After Alans Greeks and Venetians have expanded the territory and fortification.<br />
Each respectful museum has its legends.<br />
The Genoa fortress in Sudak is not an exception. One romantic legend is connected with the Maiden tower, by the way the most ancient.In ancient times there was local governor of a fortress &#8211; Archon. And he had the most beautiful daughter all around  Tavrida. The best commander of Tsar, Pontic Mitridat Diophantus sought girl’s hand in marriage, but she has chosen a poor shepherd. Archon even didn’t want to think about such choice of his daughter because he would be glad to have influential relatives.The Tsar was informed about secret meetings of shepherd and princess, as a result angry father ordered to throw  the shepherd in a well.<br />
The young lady gave bribe to guards and released her beloved and hid him in her room. But when father found out about it he decided to act more cunningly. Archon  sent the young man to Miletus (Greek city on the territory of modern Turkey), but ordered to his servants kill him.<br />
«In a year the ship will return back and if your beloved  does not not betray you, you will see a white sign atop the mast. I won’t object to your happiness. But if he  doesn’t worth you, there won’t be any sign on the ship, and you will marry Diophantus», &#8211; said Archon to his daughter. A year later the ship has appeared, and there was no sign. The girl jumped at the sea from a tower. Since then a tower is called Maiden.</p>
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		<title>Timoshenko`s criminal cases</title>
		<link>http://www.odessafx.com/2011/07/timoshenkos-criminal-cases/</link>
		<comments>http://www.odessafx.com/2011/07/timoshenkos-criminal-cases/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 2011 17:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.odessafx.com/?p=274</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine has finished investigation on criminal case, concerning signing of gas contracts with Russia in 2009, informs RIA «Novosti» news agency. Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine Ulia Tymoshenko has been accused of abuse of authority and judicial power as well as state endamagement on an especially large scale. The principal deputy [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine has finished investigation on criminal case, concerning signing of gas contracts with Russia in 2009, informs RIA «Novosti» news agency. Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine Ulia Tymoshenko has been accused of abuse of authority and judicial power as well as state endamagement on an especially large scale.</p>
<p>The principal deputy of General Prosecutor Renat Kuzmin declared that there isn’t any evidence about Tymoshenko’s treason against the State. Now Ex-prime Minister should look at case papers.</p>
<p>Earlier the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine threatened Timoshenko with arrest in case of non-appearane to interrogation. On 23rd May the Pechersky court has decided to detain Tymoshenko in connection with statement of the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office that the Ex-prime Minister regularly opposes to carrying out the investigative actions. This time Timoshenko has come to the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office where she has spent more than 5 hours.<br />
The opposition and world community have rebelled against &#8220;arrest&#8221; of the Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine. However Kuzmin has denied the information about arrest  of Tymoshinko after finishing the investigative actions. As to the decision on detention of suspect the Deputy of Prosecutor explained, that the court decision would come into force if Tymoshenko ignored summon on interrogation once agian.<br />
In Ukraine three criminal cases were initiated against Tymoshenko. She was accused of inappropriate expenditure of 480 million euros received from sale of quotas on greenhouse gas emissions within the limits of Kyoto Protocol and abuse of authority while purchasing ambulance cars, then these two cases were united in one. Also the Prosecutor&#8217;s Office has initiated the criminal case, concerning signing gas contracts in 2009 with the Russian Federation in the context of the Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine was accused of abuse of authority and endamagement to Ukraine in 1,5 milliard hryvnyas.<br />
The Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine and the leader of opposition party &#8220;Bat’kivshchyna&#8221; Ulia Tymoshenko claims, that the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine insists on unreal terms of studing materials of the criminal case, concerning signing gas contracts with the Russian Federation in 2009.<br />
Recently the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine has informed about the finishing of investigation of one criminal case concerning the Ex-prime Minister of the country. According to the legislation of Ukraine, the court at the request of the General Prosecutor can limit term of studing case papers &#8211; this norm has been applied to the arrested ex-head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country Yuriy Lutsenko.<br />
Ulia Tymoshenko declared the intention to defend her right regarding criminal case against her in jury trial. She has informed about it on air of the First national channel in &#8220;Shuster Live&#8221; programme.&#8221;Our Constitution provides jury trial, and I will apply to judicial system so that the jury trial judged me&#8221;,said Tymoshenko. </p>
<p>U.Tymoshenko also claimed that for negotiating on completing gas contracts between &#8220;Naftogaz of Ukraine&#8221; and Russian company &#8220;Gazprom” about natural gas deliveries to Ukraine the government’s directives were not necessary, and her directive as the Prime Minister, needn’t have been accepted jointly on session of the Cabinet of Ministers. According to her own story, in these directives some arrangements were indicated which she managed to be reached during negotiations with the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin.<br />
It’s worth mentioning that recently the Principal Deputy of the General Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of Ukraine Renat Kuzmin has declared, that ex-head of  &#8220;Natogaz&#8221; of Ukraine Oleg Dubina signed gas contracts with Russia in 2009 under the pressure of the Ex-prime Minister of Ukraine U.Tymoshenko. He explained, that according to the legislation and regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers Tymoshenko had no right to make such decisions herself as such one should be made jointly with the Government.<br />
Kuzmin has also excluded, that Tymoshenko’s measure of restraint can be changed on taking into custody. R.Kuzmin marked &#8220;the investigator will have to resort to such actions if Tymoshenko and her defenders elude carrying out investigative actions&#8221;.</p>
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