The famous Privoz market, located at 14 Privoz Street, is the largest and the most famous food market in Odessa, Ukraine. Here you can buy everything and a little more. It is known in all parts of the world. The writers dressed like an avarage buyer go along “Privoz” and collect examoles of live Odessa language, and then write stories and novels. The fish is always fresh here. And of course, shrimps, just got from the sea. All the pint-pots come here for sundried roaches, gobies, smoked bream and many other things you can find here. “Privoz” is a favourite place of restaurant chefs who are seduced by a wide range of fresh products. And hungry students know, where it is possible to have a snack free of charge. Just come to “Privoz” and taste sausage, smoked meat and brynza. If you collect material about Odessa ask any butcher. There are individuals among them ready to tell you stories and legends about Odessa for hours.

People usually call “Privoz” as the king of markets. The biggest food market of Ukraine ever became one of the calling cards of Southern Palmyra. It is considered to be a standing joke of Odessa inhabitants and visitors of the city, an inexhaustible well of aphorisms which satirists and humorists use all the time… This year the “king” will be 175.

Next year after the foundation of Odessa, in 1795 Free market was opened especially for sale of vital supplies. Then it was changed to “Old market”, and still later “Tolkuchiy market”. The Red rows (nowadays the Red lane) for sale of the manufactory goods and the Greek market (nowadays the Greek area and K.Libknehta Str.) have appeared simultaneously.

The history of “Privoz” starts since 1827 when on the “Privoznaya” square the huge market was constructed. Since then it became the main market of Odessa. In 1913 architect F.Nestruk bult four more two-storeyed buildings (“Fruit passage”), successfully completed an architectural complex of “Privoz”.

In 1842 according to the project of the architect T.Torichelli, at the corner of Ekaterinenskaya and Lanzheronovskaya streets the bazaar “Pale-grand piano” was constructed. It consisted of 44 trading store galleries. The same year on the Old market territory an architect G.I.Torichelli constructed the building-shopping streets along Bolshoy Prospekt (nowadays Prospekt Mira). And in 1903 15-year-old building of the New market was finished.

In the end of 1990s general reconstruction plan of “Privoz” market together with new buildings construction along Panteleimonovskaya and Preobrazhenskaya streets was approved. By 2007 the new meat and fish buildings, two new trade and office centres and shopping malls along Panteleimonovskaya Str. were finished. It is planned to carry out reconstruction of fruit and vegetables shopping streets.

If there is paradise for humorists on the Earth so it is “Privoz” in Odessa. It is a real Klondike, a gold vein of fun and entertainment. You need not to think something out, just only go along shopping streets and jot everything down. Both buyers and sellers are all equally witty here. Nobody tells words for no particular reason. You will get vary unusual answer if you ask even very simple question.

Within many centuries the pyramids were not discivered neither by archeologists, nor geologists or local residents. Certainly, such discovery suggests mystification. But researchers led by Vitaly Gohom consider, that huge constructions remained “invisible” for one simple reason: all Crimean pyramids are completely covered by land.

The first pyramid was opened absolutely accidentally. Everything stared when some years ago a group of geologists, led by Candidate of Technical Science,assistant professor Vitaly Anatolevich Gohom, established the presence of thermal waters. And they were also searching for vantage ground for water well drilling near Sevastopol. The absence of pure water is an old trouble of Crimea and this very group have been created for investigation of underground sources of water. By chance, scientific came across super-high-frequency radiation which source was enigmatically localised near the Earth surface. The receiver recorded ultra-high frequency-a field in radius of 100 metres gave a nudge about presence of some mistery object. Have started to dig a hole by hand.

In 9,5 metres researchers have come across something similar to the side of the pyramid.It’s hollow inside and outside it is covered by some grease. Its structure includes usual birds’ eggs – albumen, yolk. They broke through the wall and went deeply inside the mistery object. Having reached the depth of 38 metres, researchers were planning to go deeper and further but the matter is that weird things started to happen: there were landslides again and again, safety cables fell down several times. Researchers decided to stop excavation…

Researchers did not reach to the bottom of the pyramid. There was no an appropriate equipment to it. But after testing and making some analysis of discovered data, it was found out, that the object has the form of regular-shaped pyramid with picked edges. The pyramid’s height is 45 metres, length of bottom side is 72 metres. By the way the magnitude relation is 1:1,6, that corresponds to “gold section” of the Great Pyramid of Gizaand and it is a standard for all pyramids already discovered for today. After the first discovery geologists were purposefully searching for other pyramids in vicinage by the same way. If there had beed a powerful radiation they started to dig. And soon have found more six pyramids. As it turned out, they are located in certain sequence. The first pyramid is at the bottom of the sea nearby Foros, the second one is in Balaklava area, the third is near Fiolent cape, the fourth is underground near Sevastopol-Tovarniy station, the fifth is the very one which were found the first near Kamishovoe highway. Two more pyramids are located in several kilometres from this place on waste grounds.

Thus, on a piece of South coast of Crimea from Sevastopol to Foros seven pyramids were found, which have the same age as Tibet pyramids. They are located directly on one straight line from the northwest to the southeast on Sevastopol area, from a northwest part of Kamishova bay coast (the most southern point of Crimea) along coastline. It was also found out that on the same line, in one direction the Stonehenge, and in opposite direction there’re Tibet pyramids, and further there’re sunk pyramids of Easter island.

In the summer 2001 the Crimean pyramids were investigated by scientists from different countries. All of them agree in opinion, that discovered constructions are quite real and unique. Underground pyramids were scanned by different the latest devices and as a result of the advanced search new objects were found. Thus, the Crimean pyramids count already 37 megalithic constructions. 28 of them make a huge rhombus (Sevastopol is the point in the sea to the west from Simeiz- Yalta – Konerchino village of Bakhchisaray Raion). In the middle of this rhombus in Krasniy Mak village the 29th, central 56-metre pyramid is located. More seven pyramids form a small internal additional rhombus around Yalta where in the centre the 37th pyramid is located.

Members of research group made comparative analysis of the Crimean and three great Egyptian pyramids in Giza. It was found out, that ancient Egyptians and mysterious Crimean builders used practically the same materials.

Naturally, there is a question: who and for what purposes have created these megalithic constructions? Investigating and analyzing by means of special sensors MW-fields radiated by the Crimean pyramids, they came to a conclusion, that pyramids were used by people for carring out some important opertions. After all, for example, lead which was used for building these constructions can resonate well, copper oxide and aluminum oxide while mixing with clay can form an excellent semiconductor which can transform energy on frequency. All it testifies that ancient builders belonged to a highly developed civilization, claims Vitaly Goh, the head of Sevastopol research group confirms.

On 12-metre depth the same group of Goha enthusiasts managed to find out the western site of top of Sphinx huge head. Unlike Egyptian, its Crimean underground relative grows up directly from a side of Sevastopol pyramid. Its top and forehead were dug out only, the corpus and other part of the head are buried under thick layer of deposit. In top part of the sculpture there’s a hole leading into in a spherical cavity in 10 m diameter. When researchers have dug out a layer of chippings , they saw the entrance leading into the Sphinx body, strongly walled up by limestone fragments. During excavation Vitaly Goh paid attention to high spirit,mood and a great fun that people felt during descent along dug pit leading to the pyramid. This feeling doubled inside the stature. When people got into a spherical cavity, told us, literally they were diving in the stream of energy. Goh tried to explain issues energy exchange between the Earth and the Space by means of underground pyramids as which he considers as unique generators of energy. According to V.Goh, limestone blockes covered from above and on each side with clay perform diod function which transmit high-frequency radiation from the Earth into the Space. According to the same scheme all other pyramids on the Earth are arranged as well. But some pyramids represents peculiar transmitters, and another part – receivers.

This energy is super-high-frequency in grain. However some part of this energy will be transformed in a pyramid into low-frequency and radiated by wide front from its bottom in Space. Having been puzzled by question about source location of energy acquisition and reception , the author built hologrammes of the star sky and synchronised them with hologrammes of Earth sites with pyramids (in Egypt, the Himalayas, England, Mexico, Sevastopol, Easter island, and Bermuda). Having tracked energy streams on hologrammes, he found out, that two groups of pyramids are ruled by each star in Northern hemisphere. One group serves as the energy receiver, and another its transmitter to the Star. Stars are located at the angle of 120 degrees in relation to each other and create the electromagnetic moments influencing as earth’s axis location so as, probably, on motion of the Earth.

On territory of our country there are more than 5 thousand well-known caves and 800 of them are in Crimea.

Among the caves formed of limestones, the first place according to its extent takes the Kizil-Koba or the Red caves.

Red caves or Kizil-Koba is the system consisting of several caves located in Crimean mountains on spurs Dolgorukovsky Yayla in 3 km from Perevalne villages (Angara) of Simferopol area.

Behind the river within centuries the underground river was taking out from depths of Dolgorukovsky Yayla melted bicarbonate of calcium, laying it aside near the entrance in the form of light tufa, forming thereby tufa platform, that is a majestic monument of the underground river.

Big arch of the ground floor of Red caves is the closest one to the platform with waterfall. Haranlyh-Koba or the Dark cave is 17 m over the Tuff platform. Higher along the slope (50 m over the platform) a small triangular entrance Iel-Kobf (Windy cave) is located. A bit higer, 70 m over the platform and a little aside there is a hole of the hardly noticeable cave bearing unusual name, Camomile. Now all three caves are called all as the one general name the Kizil-Koba, or the Red cave.They are also known in plural form the Red caves.

Total lenght of its investigated part makes 21150 metres, square-64000 m ²,size – 270000 m ³. Extent of separate halls makes 70 – 80 metres, their height is up to 145 metres (Hall of Blue thaw). An average temperature of the air of ground floors is 8,1 – 9,0°С.

Together they form a complex of underground labyrinth consisting of six floors, therefore visiting Red caves is possible only in accompany by guides.

On a cave bottom there’s an underground river – Su-Uchhan divided by six karst siphons. There are a lot of lakes, waterfalls and siphons inside the cave. Kizil-Koba is also known as an archeology monument.

At about 2,5 thousand years ago there were people living in natural boundary. They are refered by scientists to so-called kizilkobinsky culture (probable Cimmerians’ descendants). Some traces of VII century BC were found here. Near the entrance an ancient sanctuary is staged. Cave walls are formed by the limestones having a pink shade because of iron oxides. Once cave bears, lions, hyenas, woolly rhinoceroses, bisons, mammoths (scientists found their bones) were here. Unfortunately, stalagmite near the entrance is artificial because before the cave was closed and became to be protected, each visitor could break off small piece of it and keep as a souvenir. And as growth of stalactites (“stalaktos” – flowing down drop by drop) and stalagmites makes in total only 0.03 mm per year, but new haven’t grown yet. In 1957 the enterance to the main cave was washed away. Therefore nature creatures have suffered less than others and further it is possible to come across stalagmites and stalactites which accepted a freakish forms. Since 1989 the equipped excursion route of 500 m works in a cave, but it’s available only in shoulder season. The minimum quantity of visitors should be not less than 6-10. The excursion route goes throughthe first and the second floor of cave and comes to an end near the first siphon. Excursion duration is 1 hour.

Excursion with a diving suit and an aqualung is availible but only for adults. It needs not less than 3 person to be carried out. This route is a unique for Crimea and unique on territory of Ukraine. Route length is 3 km. It takes from 2,5 to 4 hours depending on group preparation. Compulsory conditions: to be able to swim and dive as the whole route is on water. Each participant is provided with a tight diving suit, warm clothes, footwear, a helmet and a flashlight. It is necessary to have one more set of clothes with you which you will dress after excursion and socks as well. During the excursion you will sail through the underground lakes, go through huge halls, you will creep and dive under water at some places. The beauty of a cave, physical activities, a slight feeling of danger will bring you bright and unforgettable emotions. Excursions are carried out during all the year round, both in summer and winter period, except those cases when the cave is flooded by water in spring and autumn. Usually it isn’t long period of time. After excursion around the cave you can admire Su-Uchhan waterfallfalls. The employees work all-the-year-round, except 13th November, Cave Day.

In Sevastopol, on rocky cape between Quarantine and Sand bays, there is a National reserve “Chersonesus Taurian”, created for protection, studying, restoration and exhibiting of ruins of one of the most ancient cities of our country – Chersonesus.
A history and archaeological reserve Chersonesus is known not only in our country, but also far beyond its borders. In 1996 it is recorded by UNESCO as the most popular of world culture among one hundred monuments. Excavation has opened to the world a city which throughout many centuries was the large political, economic and cultural centre of Northern Black Sea region.
Chersonesus was the Greek colony founded in 422-421 BC by natives of Heraclea Pontica. It is located in the south-west part of Crimea, near the bay which is called now as Quarantine. “Chersonesus ” is translated from Greek as peninsula. Farmers and handicraftsmen, doctors and sculptors, architects and artists, historians and poets lived here. It was the slaveholding republic with the democratic democratic form of government; the highest agency of State power was public gathering.
During the whole years of the state existence the cizents of Chersonesus were ought to make wars. In II century BC there was a bloody, long war with Scythians. Chersonesus asked for help Pontic tsar Mithradates VI Eupator who has directed to Crimea a big troop headed by Diophantus commander. Scythians were defeated, however Chersonesus didn’t manage to save the independence: it became a part of Mithradates state. Since then the city was in constant dependence on its stronger neighbours.
In 1 century BC Chersonesus has lost the democratic form of government, and became dependence on Roman empire and had beeb as outpost of its policy of grab in Northern Black Sea Coast.
With the beginning of a new era the Christianity gets to Chersonesus, in IV century it becomes its official religion. Ancient art monuments, theatre, temples were ruthlessly destroyed, they are replaced with Christian churches and chapels.
During this period a lot if cities were destroyed by Huns. Chersonesus protected by powerful defensive walls, still stays alive even millenium, but already in the conditions of a new, feudal system.
In V century Chersonesus was a part of the Byzantian empire, and in IX century became one of its military and administrative area. By that time the extrinsic ethos of medieval city was changed as well as its name: Byzantines named it Kherson, Slavs – Korsun.
Rus’ during that time became the power which is recognized not only by the nearest neighbours, but also such large state as Byzantium. When Byzantium didn’t fullfil the obligations under the contract with Kievan prince Vladimir, he opposed against Korsun in 988 and conquered it after nine-month siege.
Byzantium and Rus’ concluded an equal alliance. And Chersonesus served as intermediary in their trade, this union was very profitable. From here agricultural and cattle breeding products went to Minor Asia and Byzantium and from the southern countries to Chersonesus and further, on the north, weapon, fabrics as well as oil were carried.
In due course the power of Byzantium has weakened, and in XIII century trade appeared on the Black sea in hands of Italian (Venetian, and then Genoese) merchants who had founded their own trading stations in Crimea. Trade routes moved to East Crimea, and it became one of the reasons of decline of Chersonesus economy.
The tragedy of a city was completed by attacks of nomads who in the end of XIII century, and then in hundred years have caused to it an irreparable loss. Destroyed and burnt Chersonesus could not rise any more.
To the middle of XV century its life has definitively faded away. The time has passed and big and amazing city disappeared.
Only 400 years later, in 1827, the officer of the Black Sea fleet Kruse made the first excavation on place of lost Chersonesus. Afterwards they were carried ouy by individuals and some organisations. The most systematic excavation began in late eighties of the last century. Twenty years of life were given to them by the big enthusiast and the organizer of the future museum K.K.Kostsyushko-Valyuzhinich.
For years of Soviet power Chersonesus historical and archaeological reserve has turned into one of the largest scientific research center, became the base where scientists-archeologists of all world made a research work and students have internship. Systematic excavations helped to restore the history of ancient city.
Conservation area is very popular, it is visited annually by million of tourists. They are involved with collections epigraphic monuments, works of art, craft products,handicrafts and tools, which Chersonesus citizens used. Tourists can familiarise with territory of an ancient city: to walk along its main street, to wander on an ancient blocks and squares, to examine the ruins of antique theatre, white marble columns of medieval temples, pieces of majestic defenses- walls and towers. The Zenon defensive towers is of great interest among the tourist, It took an important place city in system of defence and consequently was always under construction and improving by the citizens of Chersonesus. It is the highest tower of Chersonesus.
How to get to the Chersonesus – trolley buses № 2, 6, 10 get off “Dmitry Ulyanov’s street” stop or route taxi №107,109 (from the station), further – on foot along Dmitry Ulyanov’s street. Time of walking from the bus stop to reserve, 10-15 minutes